Spectrum: the Climate Connection
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Spectrum policy and carbon emissions
The potential for spectrum policy to help tackle climate change has recently garnered increased interest and focus among regulators. Efficient use of spectrum can lead to a reduction in carbon emissions while simultaneously generating economic benefits to society. Inefficient spectrum policy can raise the cost of building and operating mobile networks and lower the adoption of emission-saving technologies.
This report examines the impact of four spectrum policy aspects that can vary between countries: the timeliness of spectrum assignments; amount of spectrum assigned; level of fragmentation; and flexibility to use spectrum for different technologies.
The analysis helps gain an understanding of how efficient spectrum policy can support the race to net zero, reducing the carbon emissions of the mobile sector and increasing mobile’s enablement effect in helping other sectors tackle climate change.
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The impact of spectrum pricing in Bangladesh
At around 16%, Bangladesh’s spectrum-cost-to-revenue ratio exceeds the Asia Pacific median (10.4%) and is twice as high as the global median (7.7%). High spectrum cost has been shown to negatively impact consumer outcomes, such as network coverage and speeds. Reducing prices by 50% would align spectrum costs closer to the Asia Pacific median at about 12% by 2035, boosting 4G speeds by 17% and enabling 99% 5G coverage, yielding a cumulative $34 billion GDP boost. Aligning costs to the global median of 8% of operators’ revenue would increase 4G speeds by 22% and accelerate 5G rollout further, generating a $45 billion GDP boost.
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This Insight Spotlight is part of our 5G Next series, which helps clarify the next phase of 5G and highlights key technological innovations. Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly critical as it directly affects operational costs, while the integration of new network layers can contribute to rising energy consumption. Reducing operational complexity, unlocking actionable insights and transforming billing will be foundational to achieve efficiency, sustainability goals and long-term network resilience in the 5G era and beyond.
The impact of spectrum pricing in Bangladesh
At around 16%, Bangladesh’s spectrum-cost-to-revenue ratio exceeds the Asia Pacific median (10.4%) and is twice as high as the global median (7.7%). High spectrum cost has been shown to negatively impact consumer outcomes, such as network coverage and speeds. Reducing prices by 50% would align spectrum costs closer to the Asia Pacific median at about 12% by 2035, boosting 4G speeds by 17% and enabling 99% 5G coverage, yielding a cumulative $34 billion GDP boost. Aligning costs to the global median of 8% of operators’ revenue would increase 4G speeds by 22% and accelerate 5G rollout further, generating a $45 billion GDP boost.
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